Mr. Eaton's Trial

A few days ago Last Lemming asked if I knew the results of the trial of Rev. Eaton, a minister who not only beat up an LDS Elder, and knew who burned down the local LDS meetinghouse, but was on trial for the rape of his benefactor's wife. The information was not anywhere I could find on-line. So I went to the State Archives to find out. Tennessee Supreme Court documents are kept in the Manuscript section, so I figured they would know where I could find other court records too. The archivist suggested the court minutes for the county in question so I pulled the correct microfilm and started reading. 

D. J. Eaton was arrested for the rape of Alice Rouse in March 1900. But the court minutes are a little weird. The grand jury returned an indictment with two contradictory statements. The first statement said that Alice was under the age of 12. The very next charge says Alice was over the age of 12 but under the age of 16. Other statements clarified that the two were not married and that Alice was not a prostitute, which is another topic altogether.

So, now that I know her name, I look her up in the census to find out how old she was. Turns out she was 30 years old which contradicts the two age ranges given in the court minutes. So is this a legal maneuver to state all the possible crimes when the court does not know the age of the victim?

But it gets stranger. 

Eaton does not make bail and is held under court custody until his trial 97 days later at a cost of $40.80 which I estimate at about $2,810 in todays currency. Maybe he is considered a flight risk since he was not from the area. The minutes do not explain. And, no, that is not the strange part.

When his trial does start on June 8th, 1900, in what I believe to be a rare event (correct me if I am wrong) every last one of the jurors and alternates assigned to the case failed to show up for the trial. And the court minutes names them. All 26 of them are fined $5.00 for not showing up. This, of course, pushes the trial to the next day when 12 completely different people - also named in the court minutes - promptly (1 day) acquit Mr. Eaton of all charges. The judge directs the clerk to cover the cost of Mr. Eaton's jail time and he is set free.

Now I have been called on jury duty before. And sometimes not enough people show up for the jury pool to be large enough for a valid trial. But I have never heard of every one not showing up. I can only imagine what might cause such an event. Jury tampering is the first to come to mind. Plus if it is so obvious that he is innocent, that the trial and jury deliberation takes 1 day, then why was he indicted in the first place. No, something smells here.

[As a side note, in every Census (1910, 1920, and 1930) Alice listed her age as 29 years younger than her husband, except for the 1900 Census which she clearly states she in only 19 years younger than her husband. If I accept the age as declared in the three later census records, at the time of the trial, James was 59 years old and Alice was 30, nearly half the age of her husband. James and Alice were married in 1892 and were still married and living together in the 1930 census. They had only two children: one in around 1895 and a second in around 1901. Either they were reconciled over the events that led to the trial enough to have another child of their own, or the child was Rev. Eaton's. My bet is on reconciliation, since they were still married 30 years later. But to be honest, that isn't really proof. But it is totally irrelevant to LDS History.]

An Hour in the Archives

Most of you reading this are probably thinking this is about the Church Archives. Well, it isn't. I live some 2,000 miles from the Church Archives, so if I go, I'll want to spend more than a hour there. No, this is about the Tennessee State Library and Archives in Nashville. I go to the Archives to find stuff I can't get on-line. I don't usually get more than an hour at a time, and sometimes I get less. But you can accomplish a lot in just an hour. Every state capital probably has a similar institution. Even our public library has some of the same services at the reference desk. So if live or work near an Archive like this and you are wondering if you can do somethin in only an hour, the answer is Yes!

11:55 AM  Sign in at the front desk. At the TN Archives, you have to register as a user to get by the guard at the front door. Registering means you can get a parking pass (free!!) and a card to give to the guard each time you visit. The log book shows only the number on your card so the log book maintains privacy while still keeping track of who is using the Archives.

11:58 AM  Asked the librarian at the reference desk for a book showing the State Senators. Turns out there is a collection of biographies for each of the State Senators. I'm interested in Thomas A. Kercheval and any one else with that last name. Turns out there is only one. The biography offers a more accurate set of dates for his service as Senator, making him in the right place and the right time to author a law which prohibited the teaching of polygamy in Tennessee. I make a copy of the biography (30 cents for 2 pages) and place the book on the cart for re-shelving. Total time: 12 minutes.

12:10 PM  Made my way to the Manuscripts division to find out how to look up court cases. After describing what I was looking for and confessing I didn't know how to find it, the archivists cheerfully helped me out. One showed me the right finding aid for court minutes in Anderson County, Tennessee in 1900 and how to locate the microfilm when I had the number. The microfilm library here is self serve, though they don't want you to refile the films when you are done. I locate a microfilm reader with a copy machine attached, load the film, and scroll to the index. I find three entries for D. J. Eaton and write down the page numbers, five in total. I scroll to the pages I want and make some copies. I have to copy a couple extra pages to get the entire event, but 7 pages (and $1.75) later I rewind the microfilm, place it on the re-shelf table and move on. I wasted 3 minutes getting correct change for the microfilm copier, but I'll do better next time. I didn't waste time trying to decipher the archaic handwriting. I can do that at home or in the hotel next time I am at a client site. If you are lucky, your archives may have software for copying images from microfilm to a pdf file for free. You only have to provide the storage medium. Tennessee's archives, however, does not. Total time: 15 minutes.

12:25 PM  Having completed my predetermined tasks, I go to the reading room and walk back to the section on Lewis County. I already knew where it was but if I didn't I could have just asked. I pull three books which I have seen before, but didn't previously have the time to go through. One is a WPA manuscript from 1938 on the history of Lewis County probably written originally in 1909. In it I find a reference to the Condor family arriving in the area in 1808, when it was still part of Hickman County. I note the reference data and the page number. Another book is a list of members of the Church of Christ covering the same area as Cane Creek. I saw a few names I knew, including at least one who was an LDS member in 1884 but joined the Church of Christ in 1896. I should have made a copy, but it slipped my mind. The last book was court minutes from just before the Civil War. I skimmed from 1854 to 1858 looking for "whatever." I found only a handful of events of interest to me. Most involving relatives of known vigilantes and other key figures like Tom Garrett and John Carroll all in positions of importance and influence. Noticing my time was about up, I placed the volumes on the re-shelving cart and collected my things. Total browsing time: 35 minutes.

1:02 PM Signed out at the front desk, richer in knowledge and $2.05 poorer.

Your results may vary, but even not knowing where to go for some of the stuff I wanted, I accomplished two specific tasks in 28 minutes and had time left over for browsing. The trick? No trick really.

1. Know what you want to find out before you arrive. I had names and dates written on a piece of paper based on the on-line research I had already done. The more you already know, the easier it will be to find when you get there. Notice I didn't spend any time at the card catalogue. I can do that at home. 
2. Don't be afraid to ask for directions. The librarians and archivist want you to succeed. They aren't always right, but they know the archives better than I do. Of course, they are not volunteers, they are paid to be there. Their livelihood depends on knowing this stuff when a legislator come over from next door.

[disclaimer: I don't always find what I am looking for when I go to the archives. But I always enjoy myself.]

British Mormon History

I recently came across a site on British LDS History called MormonHistory.org. It really reminds me of the quality of the "Millenial Star" that the Saints in Britain put together on their own. Unlike some other early LDS publication, the British saints kept it together until it was replaced by the Liahona. The site is well organized and covers a broad array of topics and interests. But it does so with the understanding that Mormon History is not just what happened in America in general and Utah specifically. And British Mormon History is not just what the missionaries did in Great Britain.

To be honest I'm a little jealous they came up with it first. I have been mulling over something like this for a couple of months for the Southern States. Perhaps a reborn "Latter Day Saint Southern Star." Perhaps this British site is a good example of how it can be done.